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Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential for vast societal and economic gain; yet applications are developed in a largely ad hoc manner, lacking coherent, standardized, modular, and reusable infrastructures. The NSF‐funded Intelligent CyberInfrastructure with Computational Learning in the Environment AI Institute (“ICICLE”) aims to fundamentally advanceedge‐to‐center, AI‐as‐a‐Service, achieved through intelligent cyberinfrastructure (CI) that spans the edge‐cloud‐HPCcomputing continuum,plug‐and‐playnext‐generation AI and intelligent CI services, and a commitment to design for broad accessibility and widespread benefit. This design is foundational to the institute's commitment to democratizing AI. The institute's CI activities are informed by three high‐impact domains:animal ecology,digital agriculture, andsmart foodsheds. The institute's workforce development and broadening participation in computing efforts reinforce the institute's commitment todemocratizing AI. ICICLE seeks to serve asthe national nexus for AI and intelligent CI, and welcomes engagement across its wide set of programs. 

In the first decades of the 21^stcentury, there has been a global trend towards digitisation and the mobilisation of data from natural history museums and research institutions. The development of national and international aggregator systems, which focused on data standards, made it possible to access millions of museum specimen records. These records serve as an empirical foundation for research across various fields. In addition, community efforts have expanded the concept of natural history collection specimens to include physical preparations and digital resources, resulting in the Digital Extended Specimen (DES), which also includes derived and related data. Within this context, the paper proposes using the FAIR Digital Object (FDO) framework to accelerate the global vision of the DES, arguing that FDO-enabled infrastructures can reduce barriers to the discovery and access of specimens, help ensure credit back to contributors and increase the amount of research that incorporates biodiversity data. 

A research agenda for intelligent systems that will result in fundamental new capabilities for understanding the Earth system.